Demand And Supply Of Economics - 957 Words

Introduction The primary concern of economics is demand and supply. Basically, demand is depends upon prices of products or you can say that demand is inversely proportion to price so, as the prices decreases demand starts to increase. However, supply has direct effect at demand, more people starts buying products more will be the supply. The concepts of demand and supply are central to Microeconomics. Here is one of the journals which describes about energy demand and energy supply by estimating long and short term demand elasticities. The given journal is published by John T. Cuddington* and Leila Dagher in IAEE (International association of exhibitions and events). The current economics study found that oil business, with its history of blasts and busts, is in another downturn. Income are down for organizations that have made record benefits as of late, driving them to decommission more than a large portion of their apparatuses and strongly cut interests in investigation and creation. More than 100,000 oil specialists have lost their employments, and assembling of penetrating and creation gear has fallen forcefully. The reason is the diving cost of a barrel of oil, which has been sliced generally down the middle subsequent to June 2014, coming to levels last seen amid the profundities of the 2009 retreat. Costs recuperated a bit in the spring however have fallen again as of late. Officials think it will be years before oil comes back to $90 or $100 a barrel, Current oilShow MoreRelatedEconomic Theories : Supply And Demand1142 Words   |  5 Pages Economic Theories: Supply and Demand The economic theory of supply and demand explains the interaction between the supply of a resource and the demand for that same resource. If the product has high demand, it is typically more expensive. In sum, if there is a low supply and high demand then the price will be high. If there is an abundant supply and a low demand, the price will be low. This principle is the basis of all economic understanding. It is a global phenomenon that can be seen acrossRead MoreEconomics : The Supply And Demand Curve Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagespaper would discuss Uber’s pricing in term of facing the fundamental concept of economics: the supply and demand curve. Uber is one of the pioneers of ride-sharing and its’ brand name has dominated headlines over the past year alongside mentions of the â€Å"sharing economy†. The Uber’s pricing that would be discussed is their surge price, because this volatile pricing will impact their demand within their limited supply of d rivers, and important factor to survive from the competition between other transportationsRead MoreEconomics Essay on Demand and Supply1934 Words   |  8 Pagessummer on ice cream demand. 3. To show the effect of the use of a cheaper ice cream manufacturing method on the ice cream supply. 4. To discuss the resulting changes in equilibrium price and the quantity trade. In Economics, supply and demand are one of the fundamental concepts. Market price for any commodity is determined by the outcome of demand and supply. The literature explains that where the supply and demand are closely related to each other. Demand The demand is the amount or quantityRead MoreEconomic Theories : Supply And Demand1510 Words   |  7 PagesLyons Professor Earwicker Professor Sweet Cornerstone 8 December, 2014 Economic Theories: Supply and Demand The world runs on the concept of supply and demand. Supply and demand are the key concepts in the economist theory. Supply is simply how much of a product that the market can make and offer to consumers for a certain price. The supply can depend on resources of the producer or how willing they are to produce it. While, demand is how much the consumers insist on paying for a product or serviceRead MoreSupply and Demand: The Economic Strategy628 Words   |  3 Pagesthe best strategy, some key economic concepts must be understood. Supply and demand govern a lot of things in our industry. We are concerned about the effects that competition might have on our industry. Supply and demand can explain this. We sell personal grooming products, so our business is related to how many people there are living in the areas in which we sell, and the market share that we have. The demand is going to be a function of these two things. Demand in the industry as a whole isRead MoreEconomics, The Law Of Supply And Demand1553 Words   |  7 PagesIn economics, the law of supply and demand is a fundamental tool of economic analysis used to study issues as diverse as inflation and unemployment, the effects of taxes on prices, government regulation of business, and environmental protection. In order to show how prices and quantities are determined in free markets, economists must refer to supply and demand curves. Every market consists of both buyers and sellers. For without buyers and sellers an economy would not be able to function and inRead MoreEconomic Analysis : Supply And Demand867 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Economic Analysis is defined as the systematic approach of the use of resources and comparing two or more resources in order to achieve a specific objective with limitations of specific constraints and assumptions. Economic Analysis is basically a measure of how well the opportunity costs for resources are employed and attempts to measure these results in monetary terms for the benefits of a certain project or economy of a country. The paper will analyze a management firm knownRead MoreEconomic Model Of Supply And Demand788 Words   |  4 PagesECNM 612 MACRO ECONOMICS MIDTERM I. DEFINITIONS. Define any 10 terms. Give examples where pertinent. Macro Economics Opportunity cost Model / Theory Micro Economics Real capital Fiscal Deficit GDP Debt Net exports Consumer Price Index Producer Price Index Consumption spending Investment Inflation Production Possibility Curve II. ESSAY QUESTIONS. Answer any TWO questions. Answer all parts of each question that you choose. 1. Read MoreLaws Of Supply And Demand In Economics1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdisasters. Are these elevates in price just the beginning of a rise in gasoline prices until repairs are consummated or a replication to price gouging? For some economics this remains to be unseen. The laws of supply and demand have yet to assert themselves in the hardest hit areas of Florida and Texas. This ties directly into the laws of demand. Let’s use produce as an example. A rudimentary consumer has been culled and is shown an appealing exhibit of heads of lettuce. If the price of lettuce wereRead MoreEconomics: The Conception of Supply and Demand781 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the central notions pertaining to economics is the conception of supply and demand. In a free market economy, or even in an economy in which there may be certain regulating agencies such as governmental forces, one expects for supply to meet demand at some point (Asif, 2012). These primary market equilibrating processes affect everyone involved in that particular economy, even me. By nature people are consumers, and they must learn to balance out their desires with what it is they can reasonably

What Is The Major Difference Between A Command Economy And...

1.1 MARKET ECONOMIES Answer all questions in a complete paragraph with an opening sentence, 3 descriptive sentences and 1 closing sentence. What is the major difference between a command economy and a market economy? There is a major difference between a command economy and a market economy. Command is where you have no choice and the government tells you what to do, like what your job is and what product you will make. But, in market you have choices and your own personal feelings about what you want your job to be and what product you will produce. That is the major difference between a command economy and a market economy. Which of the characteristics of a market economy do you believe is the most Important? Explain I believe that profit is the is the most characteristic of a market economy. It is the amount of money left over when subtracting the expenses so, it is the complete earnings of your business. That is why I believe it is most important characteristic of a market economy. Why have market economies been adopted in many countries throughout the world that formerly had command economies? There are some reasons why market economies have been adopted in many countries throughout the world. It gives the government more opportunities to deal with more important issues such as war, immigration, laws/rights, and etc. Instead of worrying about what every person in the country’s job is and having the government tell them everything they need to do. Those areShow MoreRelatedA Free Market Economy Is Better Than Command Economy Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesA Free-market economy is better than Command economy Free-market and Command economy are the two-major economy system. It has sparked years of controversies among individuals over which system is better. However, no agreement has been reached. Meanwhile, it is obvious that free-market economy predominates all around the world as the majority of countries are following an economy which free-market process the dominating position. The significant difference between is whether government interventionRead MoreMajor Differences Between A Command Economy And A Market Economy1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Market Economies There are many major differences between a command economy and a market economy. To start out with, a command economy is planned, where the government decides the main economic decisions. Next, a market economy is when individuals are free to make their own decisions as they buy and sell products. So between both economies, the command economy is planned and the market economy is free. In conclusion a command economy and a market economy, are two completely different thingsRead MoreEconomic1071 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing a traditional, command, or market economy. Actually, there are two main types of economy around the world what are the command economy and the market economy. China is market economy more than traditional and command economy. People always control and change some rules of economy who is the leader or government of China cause many economy issues. As we know, the departed China used to have command economy that the government have power to control and decided all eco nomy system, which is calledRead MoreThe Between The Euphrates And Euphrates Tigris And Tigris Rivers Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesNearly ten-thousand years ago the first recorded civilization emerged in the world. Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, (Mesopotamia) lived the ancient Sumerian peoples. Since then, time has seen the creation and decimation of thousands of countries and economies. In this time, common political structures consisted of a powerful top down ruling where either pharaohs, dictators, or kings held all or most of the power. After ten-thousand years of trial and error, the American capitalistic systemRead MoreMain Economic Characteristics Of A Free Market Economy1506 Words   |  7 PagesThough there are three different types of economies that exist – free market economy, planned (also known as command) economy, and mixed economy, this essay will focus mainly on free market and planned economies. It will examine the main economic characteristics of each of the two economies and compare how they differ from each other, while in relation to the UK public sector. A free market economy is based on supply and demand and all major economic decisions are made by individual economic agentsRead MoreEssay On Starting A Business1042 Words   |  5 Pagesregistration process, third Dubai is a tax fee but do not hold a free trade agreement with the U.S. so tariffs can still be raised when engaging in trade between two nations. (http://istizada.com) In Asia I chose Singapore was named the best startup ecosystem in the Asia –Pacific region. It is a thriving business center and is have to the Asian headquarters of major U.S. companies such as Google, Uber and Face book. (www.inc.com) In Latin America I chose Chile it is the best country in Latin America to do businessRead MoreAdam Smith Division Of Labor Summary1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe second major concept of Adam Smiths writing was his idea of productivity. This concept relates to the division of labor, because Adam Smith saw it as the reason division of labor was so effective. By utilizing division of labor, Productivity was able to increase dramatically throughout the Industrial Revolution. Adam Smith was one of the first to measure performance by how much output is created through a specific amount of inputs, and his concept of division of Labor applied directly to thisRead MoreEconomic Viewpoint of the Circular Flow Model939 Words   |  4 Pagesdecrease, leaving consumers with less money to spend, which slows the economy. As employment rises, jobs are created that allow consumers more money to spend that speeds up the economy. When the government reduces spending, less money is put into public programs that in turn create jobs in the economy. As a result of fewer jobs, less goods and services are given to the economy. This provides less consumer spending and will slow the economy down to the extent the government reduces the funds to the programsRead MoreRobert Heilbroner s Twenty First Century Capitalism1690 Words   |  7 Pagesand science. Capitalism has been the key to the development of business and a countries economy capitalism has changed the economy and society in both positive and negative ways both suitable. Robert Heilbroner book†Twenty-first-century capitalism(1993)† talked about going beyond economic theories too but focuses on the problems of modern economic society. He thought of capitalism as the interrelationship between the economic system and a political order ,that is howâ€Å"two realms of capitalism† wereRead MoreTransforming Of The Market Society1573 Words    |  7 PagesTransforming to the Market Society We currently live in a market society that is completely different from past societies. In market society, the society is a system of self-regulating market as a whole (Polanyi 43). People are needed to act and think in particular ways for the market society to function (Polanyi 68). For instance, people in market society believe that economic relations are more needed than interpersonal relations (Polanyi 44). Polanyi calls the emergence of market society â€Å"the great

Cyber Risk & Resilience Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Risk and Resilience. Answer: Cyber Risk Resilience Linkov and Palma-Oliveira (2017) have defined cyber risk as any damage, disruption or financial loss due to the failure of external attack on the information system of an business organization. Cyber risks and threats are becoming more varied and frequent with quick adaptability and nimble characteristic of the attackers. Biener, Eling and Wirfs (2015) claimed that a successful cyber attack on a firm can cost an annual average of $20 millionfinancial loss. The ability of an organization for identification, detection, responding and prevention of the information system recovery and failure for minimizing the financial loss, reputational damage and customer harm is defined as cyber resilience. On the other hand, Estay and Khan (2015) defined the cyber risks as a multi-dimensional concept. Therefore, todays organization needs to focus on three major areas for controlling the cyber risks. Linkov and Palma-Oliveira (2017) showed that the IT infrastructure and the technology risks are cons idered as the most viable area for cyber attacks. Conducting regular surveillance, regular monitoring, and testing and integrating proper management program for controlling; the risks helps in reducing cyber attacks. The second area of cyber risks is within the operations. According to Biener, Eling and Wirfs (2015), the operational risks often results in the potential failure in the technology infrastructure and standard processes followed within the business organizations. The operational risks can be mitigated by determining the risks appetite for the particular attacks. The standard business operations should include proper functions and framework for preventing the cyber attacks. The third area comprises of the financial fraudulent crimes over, low-cost, smaller events. The business organist ions needs to incorporate the system and programs for detecting any attack or anomalies within the business organization for mitigating cyber attacks. References Biener, C., Eling, M. and Wirfs, J.H., 2015. Insurability of cyber risk: An empirical analysis.The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice,40(1), pp.131-158. Estay, D.A.S. and Khan, O., 2015. TOWARDS A SUPPLY CHAIN CYBER-RISK AND RESILIENCE RESEARCH AGENDAA SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. In20th International Symposium on Logistics (ISL 2015). Linkov, I. and Palma-Oliveira, J.M. eds., 2017.Resilience and Risk: Methods and Application in Environment, Cyber and Social Domains. Springer.

Welcome to Your Nightmares The Weird Appeal of Horror Movies

Introduction: When the Lights Are out Fear is a good feeling to experience. It stimulates the brain, helps to put oneself together and act fast yet efficiently. However, one would not expect that people would want to experience fear. However, they do, which the rates of classic horror movies show.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welcome to Your Nightmares: The Weird Appeal of Horror Movies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although people generally consider horror movies pointless nerve-tickler, this genre attracts many viewers, since it has a lot to offer for the audience in psychological, physiological and social aspects. The Psychological Aspect: It Feels Good to Be Alive Movies offer a lot of food for thoughts and affect people’s subconscious greatly, which means that the psychological motives for people to watch horror movies deserve being considered first. Though it is generally considered that the mo tivations of those who enjoy horror movies to watch something that disturbing concern mostly the need to feel excited, there is much more to it than meets the eye. A look at what movies can offer for one’s subconscious will explain a lot. Beware the petrifying beast: warning of evil It is commonly known that those who are forewarned are forearmed. As a bunch of messages that the movie director gives to the viewers, horror movies can be considered a lesson about violence and brutality, which one can face in real life as well. Of course, the chances that one meets a Giant Purple People Eater are rather low, yet not all horror movies are directed in a sci-fi genre; many of them offer typical suburban settings and a quite realistic portrayal of a serial killer. On a second thought, even the horror movies featuring supernatural monsters can be considered as a metaphor of the cruel world that people live in. A monster under your bed: the change of settings As it was said above, a l ot of horror movies follow the traditions of the genre and have their characters portrayed in the most ordinary settings imaginable, which can be a small town, a ranch, a flat in a megalopolis, etc.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though one might have thought that such plain setting kills the entire thrill, in fact, it produces a petrifying effect because of the idea that something that terrible can happen literally everywhere, including the place where the viewer lives. This is a successful attempt to cash in on every child’s ancient fear of the monster under the bed. Making the audience believe that what is happening can actually be true, the movie thrills the viewers into paying attention. Motivation for living: it could have been worse Paradoxically, watching the movies in which the characters get terribly harmed or killed mercilessly can make the audience appreciate their lives more. Though this kind of motivation definitely reveals some of the least appealing features of people’s nature, it still serves the purpose, namely, making people appreciate their own lives. After the victim in the movie encounters a monster or experiences any other kind of life threat, an instant thought rushes through the viewer’s mind: â€Å"Thank God, this is not me.† As the movie ends and the audience realize that what they have just witnessed is finally over, they start appreciating their life just for the sake of it. The Physiological Aspect: From Fear to Euphoria and Back On the surface, horror movies might seem interesting only because of the psychological challenge that such movies offer. However, the physiological reactions that they trigger also serve as the reason for people to enjoy this genre. In the aftershock: tasting incredibly sweet relief It has already been mentioned that a lot of people watch horror movies to feel the contrast between the shocking film content and the calming light of reality. Though the given effect is classified as a psychological one, it actually has an underlying physiological motive. Thus, the transition from the negative feelings to positive ones is another thing that people seek in horror movies (Andrae and Cohen 283). Need for the thrill: when life gets too boring There is no secret that not all people like the horror genre; some even despise it, considering that shooting a movie merely for the sake of producing a horror is not worth the time and money spent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Welcome to Your Nightmares: The Weird Appeal of Horror Movies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some, on the contrary, appreciate horror movies for different reasons, from their artistic values, like the famous Dracula, to the doubtfully enjoyable thrill that such movies offer. The given disagreement can be considered a matt er of taste; researchers, however, have recently found out that the lust for thrill can be explained by a very low level of adrenalin (Ginsburg 12). When danger is close: learning to fight As studies show, the gorier the movie gets, the more the male part of the audience enjoys it (Fahu 18). Though the given result might seem somewhat disturbing, the justification for the given phenomenon is rather prosaic and, weirdly enough, has nothing to do with revealing people’s susceptibility to manic illnesses. As the study shows, men learn subconsciously to substitute their fear with aggression and to act fast and efficiently in life-threatening situations (Fahu 19). Therefore, the more horror movies men watch, the better fighters they become. The Social Aspect: Breaking Bad for a Moment Horror movies also shape the audience’s social behavior greatly. Often considered a challenge to the social culture, this genre changes people’s patterns of social behavior. Moreover, h orror genre can cement a number of prejudices against certain types of people. On the edge of morality and at the top of the world To make the shock values even higher, horror movies scriptwriters often write socially awkward and even dangerous characters, thus, blurring the line between the socially acceptable behavior and letting the â€Å"child within the viewer† out. While the monster in the movie embraces everything that the viewer considers â€Å"bad,† or â€Å"dangerous,† be it a school bully, a rowdy neighbor, global warming, etc., the character in the movie embodies everything that the viewer would like to do to the threat, yet cannot due to the social, moral or legal restrictions. One cannot beat the boss, but can watch a movie in which the leading character fights the monster, and project the social conflict onto the one in the movie.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Back to the gender stereotypes: giving the audience People are social animals, and, therefore, they are in desperate need for the examples of acceptable social behavior that they will further on imprint on their own behavioral pattern. Moreover, people need the examples of certain stereotypes to make sure that there is an established order in society. Most mainstream horror movies can offer each, which is why this genre is appreciated so much. Among the most famous stereotypical imagery, a damsel in distress clichà © beats all possible records. Women who do nothing except getting in trouble are featured in Godzilla, Dracula and many other films. Losing the control over the situation: the leader’s badge is taken away Becoming a leader is what has been the primary goal of most members of society since the latter came into existence. Unfortunately, changing social roles in real life is hard; when it comes to plunging into a movie reality, however, one can face the challenges th at are inaccessible in real life. A born leader, for example, will inevitably feel that the movie is trying to put him/her out of the traditional leader position, and make him/her feel weak and terrified. Therefore, the viewer needs to regain his/her dignity, which (s)he can do by controlling his/her fear. While in real life, it is hard to find the source of fear to exercise in controlling the latter, while the movie provides ample opportunities for that. Conclusion: After the Thrill Wears out Its Novelty There is no point in denying that the genre of horror movies is still popular and that the legacy of such great films as the above-mentioned Dracula (1931), Psycho (1960), The Haunting (1963), The Exorcist (1973), and many others will live on. Horror movies allow one to feel the rush of adrenaline and at the same time feel more certain about the real world, compared to the world of the horror movie insanity. However, it is also necessary to point out that horror movies have very li ttle to offer in terms of personal development or aesthetics, except for giving the audience thrill. Therefore, it would be preferable that the substance of most horror movies should be as profound as their style. Works Cited Andrae, Eduardo B. and Joel B. Cohen. â€Å"On the Consumption of Negative Feelings.† Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (2007): 283–300. Fahu, Thomas R. The Philosophy of Horror. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2010. Print. Ginsburg, Mitchell. â€Å"Enduring Horror.† The Jerusalem Report (2003): 12. This essay on Welcome to Your Nightmares: The Weird Appeal of Horror Movies was written and submitted by user Zayden Tyson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Feminization Of Poverty Essays - Feminist Economics,

The Feminization Of Poverty The Origins of the Feminization of Poverty The United Nations Development Fund for Women reports that women are still the poorest of the world's poor, representing 70% of the 1.3 billion people who live in absolute poverty. They also estimate that nearly 900 million women in the world have incomes of less than $1 a day. In the United States alone, women are about 50 percent more likely to be poor than men. The feminization of poverty in America has steadily increased since the 1950's. Researchers have investigated the reasons for this increase, citing everything from teenage pregnancy to the rise in ?deadbeat dads.? Over the last thirty-five years there have been several trends in our society that have contributed to the feminization of poverty. In 1978, Diana Pearce published a paper citing that poverty in America was becoming more and more ?feminized.? She cited that almost two-thirds of the poor over the age of 16 were women. Pearce also claimed that even though there were more women entering the labor force between 1950 and the mid-1970's, women's economic status had declined. She argued that the blame for this feminization of poverty belonged to the government because of their lack of support for divorced and single women. She argued, ?for many the price of that independence has been their pauperization and dependence on welfare? (McLanahan 1). Further examination of the issue has shown that various changes in the family have contributed to the feminization of poverty. The last thirty years has seen a steady increase in the amount of children born outside of wedlock. In 1960, about six percent of all births were to unmarried couples whereas by 1996 over a third fell into this category (McLanahan 5). This influx of births to single mothers has weighed greatly on women in poverty. The statistics of children born to unmarried black couples is even more dramatic increasing from 22% in 1960 to 70% in 1996 (McLanahan 5). Most women in the lowest quintile of the population have come from generations of poverty before them and their only hope of survival is to get on their own and try to get education or job training. With the birth of children, these impoverished women now have two or three dependents to support and the cycle of poverty continues. Most of these women do not have families to support them and they are left with only one option ? government support. This has contributed a great deal to the rise of single mother households. Another contribution to the rise in female-headed households has been the increase in divorces. Sarah McLanahan, a researcher at Princeton University, noted that in 1950, ?most people remained married until they or their spouses died, but today over half of all couples end their marriages voluntarily. The divorce rate ? the number of divorces each year per 1,000 married women ? rose steadily during the first half of the twentieth century and increased dramatically after 1960. Over half of all marriages contracted in the mid-1980's were projected to end in divorce.? After the marriages are ended the custody of the children almost always goes to the mother. Now the mother becomes the single provider in her family, facing a job that pays far less than the job her male counterparts have, and on top of that her needs are greater because she has custody of their children. Karen Holden and Pamela Smock noted the problems women face after their marriages have ended: ?Women's post-dissolution economic hardship is due to multiple interrelated factors, often only superficially coupled with the marital dissolution event. In particular, the division of labor during marriage, lower wages paid to women both during and after marriage, and the lack of adequate post-dissolution transfers to women imply that unless changes in women's work roles are mirrored by social policy initiatives and men's assumption of equal responsibility for children (both within and out of marriage), economic prospects for previously married women will remain poor (Holden 52).? As single mothers, these women are thrown into unfamiliar territory, and the outcome has been a greater amount of women below the poverty threshold. With this rise in female-headed households below the poverty line has

Definition and Examples of Taboo Language

Definition and Examples of Taboo Language The term taboo language refers to words and phrases that are generally considered inappropriate in certain contexts. Social anthropologist Edmund Leach identified three major categories of taboo words and phrases in English: 1. Dirty words that are concerned with sex and excretion, such as bugger, shit.2. Words that have to do with the Christian religion, such as Christ and Jesus.3. Words which are used in animal abuse (calling a person by the name of an animal), such as bitch, cow. (Brà ³na Murphy, Corpus and Sociolinguistics: Investigating Age and Gender in Female Talk, 2010) The use of taboo language is apparently as old as language itself.  You taught me language, Caliban says in the first act of Shakespeares The Tempest, and my profit ont /  Is, I know how to curse. Etymology The word taboo  was first introduced into European languages by Captain Cook in his description of his third voyage around the world, when he visited Polynesia. Here, he witnessed the ways in which  the word taboo  was used for certain avoidance customs ranging across widely different things...(The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion, 2011) Examples and Observations People constantly censor the language they use (we differentiate this from the institutionalized imposition of censorship)... In contemporary western society, taboo and euphemism are closely entwined with the concepts of politeness and face (basically, a persons self-image). Generally, social interaction is oriented toward behaviour that is courteous and respectful, or at least inoffensive. Participants have to consider whether what they are saying will maintain, enhance, or damage their own face, as well as to be considerate of, and care for, the face needs of others. (Keith Allan and Kate Burridge, Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press, 2006) Tips on Using Four-Letter Words in Writing [S]omeone in my position has had to devise some rough rules governing the use of [four-letter words]. My own set of rules I now put in writing for the first time. In what follows, they and them stand for what were once obscenities. (Kingsley Amis, The Kings English: A Guide to Modern Usage. HarperCollins, 1997) Use them sparingly and, as classicists used to say, for special effect only.Even in low farce, never use any of them in its original or basic meaning unless perhaps to indicate that a character is some kind of pompous buffoon or other undesirable. Even straightforward excretory ones are tricky.They may be used in dialogue, though remember rule 1. An attempt at humor will often justify their appearance...If in doubt, strike it out, taking it here as one of them. Linguists on Taboo Language in Cultural Contexts Discussion of verbal insults invariably raises the question of obscenity, profanity, cuss words, and other forms of taboo language. Taboo words are those that are to be avoided entirely, or at least avoided in mixed company or polite company. Typical examples involve common swear words such as Damn! or Shit! The latter is heard more and more in polite company, and both men and women use both words openly. Many, however, feel that the latter word is absolutely inappropriate in polite or formal contexts. In place of these words, certain euphemismsthat is polite substitutes for taboo wordscan be used... What counts as taboo language is something defined by culture, and not by anything inherent in the language. (Adrian Akmajian, Richard Demers, Ann Farmer, and Robert Harnish, Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. MIT Press, 2001) Linguists have taken a neutral and descriptive stance on taboo words. The role of linguistic studies has been to document which words are avoided in what situations... Words themselves are not taboo, dirty, or profane. Many of the words currently considered inappropriate in public settings were the neutral, normal term for an object or action in earlier forms of English. The word shit was not always deemed inappropriate or impolite. In a similar way, many languages of the world still treat bodily functions in a less euphemistic manner. (Peter J. Silzer, Taboo.  Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ed. by  Philipp Strazny. Taylor Francis, 2005) ​The Lighter Side of Taboo Language Shifting Standards in South Park Ms. Choksondik: All right children,...Im supposed to clarify the schools position on the word shit.Stan: Wow! We can say shit in school now?Kyle: This is ridiculous. Just because they say it on TV, its all right?Ms. Choksondik: Yes, but only in the figurative noun form or the adjective form.Cartman: Huh?Ms. Choksondik: You can only use it in the nonliteral sense. For instance, Thats a shitty picture of me is now fine. However, the literal noun form of [writes on the board] This is a picture of shit is still naughty.Cartman: I dont get it.Stan: Me neither.Ms. Choksondik: The adjective form is now also acceptable. For example, The weather outside is shitty. However, the literal adjective is not appropriate. For example, My bad diarrhea made the inside of the toilet all shitty, and I had to clean it with a rag, which then also became shitty. Thats right out!Timmy: Sssh...shit!Ms. Choksondik: Very good, Timmy.Butters: Ms. Choksondik, can we say the expletive, like Oh shit! or Shit on a s hingle? Ms. Choksondik: Yes, thats now fine.Cartman: Wow! This is gonna be great! A whole new word! (It Hits the Fan. South Park, 2001 Taboo Language in Monty Pythons Flying Circus Voice Over: The BBC would like to apologize for the poor quality of the writing in that sketch. It is not BBC policy to get easy laughs with words like bum, knickers, botty or wee-wees. (Off-camera laughter) Sh!(Cut to a man standing by a screen with a clicker.) BBC Man: These are the words that are not to be used again on this program.(He clicks the clicker. The following slides appear on screen: B*MB*TTYP*XKN*CKERSW**-W**SEMPRINI (A woman comes into the shot.) Woman: Semprini? BBC Man: (pointing) Out! (Cut back to the chemists shop.) Chemist: Right, whos got a boil on his semprini, then? (A policeman appears and bundles him off.) (Eric Idle, Michael Palin, and John Cleese in The Chemist Sketch. Monty Pythons Flying Circus, Oct. 20, 1970)

Methods of Analysis - Horizontal and Vertical Assignment

Methods of Analysis - Horizontal and Vertical - Assignment Example The horizontal analysis for an income statement is taken out by considering two years data. By taking out the difference between both years, a further calculation is conducted. Similarly, the balance sheet also requires the same technique for conducting the horizontal analysis. Vertical analysis is a relative analysis of the financial data. In this particular case, each category of the financial statement is classified as a percentage of other related items. Basically, all the items are listed according to the percentage value of the total sales. Likewise, in the case of a balance sheet, all the listed items are derived from the percentage value of the total assets. This analysis is very helpful as financial decision-makers are capable of making the decision on the basis of account balances held within the single time span. With the help of ratio analysis, the decision makers take out quantitative analysis regarding the data provided by the firm’s financial statements. There a re certain formulas used to calculate the ratios. The basic motive of analysis is to measure the performance of the firm in comparison to the competitors, the historical data, and even the industry as a whole. In order to take out fundamental results, current year ratios are compared to the timeline results (Sinha, 2009). The main purpose of the analysis of financial statements is to recognize the advantages of the company and take the most out of them and to recognize the weakness of the company and take corrective measures (Cagan, 2005). In the horizontal analysis, the dynamics and the tendency of the position of the financial statements are examined. On the basis of the observed changes, the security and business efficiency is estimated. Whereas in vertical analysis enables insight into the structure of the financial statements. The structure of the financial information is very important in determining the business quality. Ratio analysis is divided into 2 groups; one group cont ains information within a certain period, typically one  year. Group 1 uses data from the cash flow statement and income statement.   Group 2 contains information from a particular moment and relates to data of the balance sheet.   Thus, this measures the quality of the business.